An observer who deflects a ball is considered what?

An observer who deflects a ball is considered an outside influence because their actions are not part of the game itself; they do not have a stake in the competition and their interference is accidental or unintentional. The term "outside influence" refers to any entity that can affect the play of the game from outside the normal parameters of competition. This can include spectators, animals, or any other external factors that might unintentionally alter the state of play.

This classification is crucial in the rules of the game, which provide guidance on how to handle situations involving outside influences. When a ball is deflected by such an entity, specific protocols are followed regarding how the player should proceed, often including the option to replay the shot without penalty, reflecting the recognition that the deflection was not due to any action by the player or their authorized representatives.

Understanding this concept helps players and officials navigate the complexities of the game, ensuring fairness and clarity when unforeseen events occur.