During tournament play, a ball lands in a pile of ice behind a concession stand. How is the pile of ice classified?

The correct identification of the pile of ice as an obstruction aligns with the definitions and rules provided by the USGA (United States Golf Association). In the context of golf, an obstruction is any artificial object that interferes with play. Since a pile of ice behind a concession stand is not a natural part of the course and is created by human activity, it is classified as an obstruction.

This classification allows for specific relief options under the rules of golf. When a player’s ball lies in or on an obstruction, they are entitled to free relief—meaning the player can drop the ball in a specified manner without penalty.

In contrast, other classifications such as hazard or out of bounds pertain to areas that impose restrictions on play rather than providing relief. Ground under repair relates to parts of the course that are deemed unplayable and typically requires marking for relief but does not fit the context of a pile of ice, which serves as an artificial obstruction rather than an area needing repair.

Thus, characterizing the pile of ice as an obstruction is consistent with the rules and intentions behind their application in tournament play.